Calouste Gulbenkian - Wikipedia. Calouste Gulbenkian (, Western. Armenian: . He played a major role in making the petroleum reserves of the Middle East available to Western development and is credited with being the first person to exploit Iraqi oil. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, a private foundation based in Portugal, was started at his bequest in 1. It is now among the largest foundations in Europe. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals and his art acquisitions one of the greatest private collections. In the 1. 1th century, the Rshtunis settled in Kayseri, taking the name Vart Badrik, a Byzantine noble title.
Calouste Gulbenkian (/ k
With the arrival of the Ottoman Turks, the Turkish equivalent of the name, G. The family had established themselves in the town of Talas and lived in the region until the mid- 1. Constantinople. Their property in Talas was ultimately confiscated and is currently owned by the Turkish government. By 1. 86. 0, his father Sarkis Gulbenkian was an Armenian oil importer/exporter already heavily involved in the oil industry.
Sarkis was an owner of several oil fields in the Caucasus, mainly in Baku, and was a representative of Alexander Mantashev's oil company. Sarkis Gulbenkian also provided oil to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. During Hagop Pasha's Directorship, and, subsequently, Ministry of the Privy Treasury under Sultan Abdulhamid II in 1. Sarkis acquired the lucrative collection of taxes for the Privy Purse of Mesopotamia. He received his early education at Aramyan- Uncuyan, a local Armenian school.
He then attended the Lyc. These studies were cut short when he moved to Marseilles at the age of 1. French at a high school there. Oil business. A year later, he went to Baku to further his knowledge on the oil industry. Gulbenkian later wrote an article entitled La Transcaucasie et la p.
The article described his travels to Baku and the state of the oil industry in the region. It was eventually published as a book in 1. Paris. They ended up in Egypt, where Gulbenkian met Alexander Mantashev, a prominent Armenian oil magnate and philanthropist.
Mantashev introduced Gulbenkian to influential contacts in Cairo. These new acquaintances included Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer. Still in his twenties, Gulbenkian moved to London in 1. He became a naturalised British citizen in 1. In 1. 90. 7, he helped arrange the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company with . Gulbenkian emerged as a major shareholder of the newly formed company, Royal Dutch Shell.
The German interests would be limited to a 2. British, and the remaining for Gulbenkian to choose. At first, the British Foreign Office supported the d'Arcy group to gain a share and replace Calouste's share, but Gulbenkian worked closely with French concerns, arranged for the French to receive the German's share as part of the spoils of victory, and, in return, the French protected his interest.
Chance (Hal Ashby, 1979) DVDRip Dual. Dossier secret (Mr Arkadin) est un film r. Synopsis : Le richissime M. Arkadin, 1955, directed by Orson Welles, with Orson Welles, Robert Arden, Paola Mori, at Turner Classic Movies.
Heated and prolonged negotiations ensued regarding which companies could invest in the Turkish Petroleum Company. The TPC was granted exclusive oil exploration rights to Mesopotamia in 1. The discovery of a large oil reserve at Baba Gurgur provided the impetus to conclude negotiations and in July 1. The Pasha had actually given Gulbenkian the entire Iraqi oil concession.
Gulbenkian, however, saw advantage in divesting the vast majority of his concession so that corporations would be able to develop the whole. Gulbenkian grew wealthy on the remainder. An art expert said in a 1. Life magazine that . The collection includes objects from antiquity to the 2. Some of the works in the collection were bought during the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings.
Arkadin (first released in Spain, 1955), known in Britain as Confidential Report, is a French-Spanish-Swiss coproduction film, written and directed by Orson. Canario rojo; Chico Viola N! Arkadin, uomo ricchissimo dal passato non limpido, fa uccidere uno dopo l'altro i testimoni degli inizi della sua fortuna, sparsi in tutto il mondo.
While Gulbenkian's art collection may be found in many museum across the world, most of his art is exhibited at the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon, Portugal. The museum was founded according to his will, in order to accommodate and display his collection, now belonging to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
Of the roughly 6,0. Many of his donations were to Armenian foundations and establishments. He required that proceeds from his 5% share of profits from oil should go to Armenian families. He also demanded that 5% of his workers in his oil production for the Iraq Petroleum Company should be of Armenian descent. He established the St Sarkis Armenian church in Kensington, a suburb in London, England. The church was built in 1. James Cathedral, the principal church of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Directed by Orson Welles. With Orson Welles, Peter van Eyck, Michael Redgrave, Patricia Medina. An American adventurer investigates the past of mysterious tycoon. Mister Arkadin es una pel.
The library is called the Gulbenkian Library and contains more than 1. A large property called the Selamet Han was donated to the Surp P. It was a place of repose for him.
Nobel prize- winning writer and friend Saint- John Perse nicknamed him the Sage of Les Enclose and remarked in a letter to Gulbenkian that Les Enclos was . He left France in late 1. Lisbon and lived there until his death, in a suite at the luxurious Aviz Hotel, on 2.
July 1. 95. 5, aged 8. His wife Nevarte died in 1. Paris. Sarkis Armenian Church in London.
Legacy and fortune. Undisclosed sums were willed in trust to his descendants; the remainder of his fortune and art collection were willed to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Funda. In Lisbon the foundation established its headquarters and the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum (Museu Calouste Gulbenkian) to display his art collection.
On 2. 8 February 1. Gulbenkian was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Christ, the highest rank of its kind, by the Portuguese government. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. One of the Richest Men in the World.
Oil Financier, Art Collector Lived in Obscurity, Drove in Rented Automobile. My B. B..: The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Kenneth Clark, 1. Yale University Press.
Historical dictionary of the petroleum industry. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. Five Percent: The Story of Calouste Gulbenkian. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7.
OCLC 3. 16. 11. 18. Conlin, Jonathan (2. In the Trenches: Adventures in Journalism and Public Affairs. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (official website). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2. 7 October 2. The London Encyclopaedia (1.
Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (official website). Religion, State & Society. Anais (in Portuguese). Bibliography. Anheier, Helmut K.; Toepler, Stefan; List, Regina, eds.
International encyclopedia of civil society (1. Armenian Communities Department (2. Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian: The Man and His Work.
Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Calouste Gulbenkian: Collector. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Banking on Baghdad Inside Iraq's 7,0. Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict.
Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Brentwood, Essex, England: Multi- Science Pub. The Oxford dictionary of art (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Five Per Cent: The Story of Calouste Gulbenkian. Kumar, Ram Narayan (2.
Martyred but not tamed the politics of resistance in the Middle East. Tugendhat, Christopher; Hamilton, Adrian (1.
Oil: The Biggest Business. New York: Pantheon, 1. ISBN 0- 3. 94- 4. Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1.
ISBN 0- 6. 71- 5. Sampson, Anthony.
The Seven Sisters, the great oil companies and the world they made. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1. ISBN 0- 6. 71- 5. For Gulbenkian as a collector see.